Review 3, Spring 2017
POLI/INTL 355
The format will be similar to the other exams.
Short answers: Choose 2 of 7
Essay: choose 1 of 2.
List of Terms:
(Terms with an (*) are discussed in the readings)
INDIA:
I. Political Culture and Political Development:
Themes/Paradoxes:
*democracy and inequality
*democracy and religion
*democracy and socialist economics
*High tech economy and staggering poverty
*diversity, yet Hindu Brahmin rule
National parties (Congress/BJP) vs. Regional parties
But neither of the two national parties can get to 272 by itself -- coalitions
*geography
*agriculture
*population
*as a strength
* as a weakness
*diversity
*languages
*India as an idea
Religions
Hinduism
*pluralist nature of Hinduism
*Caste system
Brahmins (Priests)
Warriors (Kahtriyas)
Landowners, Merchants (Vaishyas)
Dirty Farmers (Sudras)
Untouchables (Dalits, Harijans)
*Affirmative Action for lower castes
*Bhimrao Ambedkar
*his experience as a Dalit
*his ideas in the Indian constitution
*untouchability outlawed
Islam
History:
*British East India Company
Indian Mutiny and Direct Colonial Rule
Viceroy
Gradual inclusion of Indian's in administrative structure
Indian National Congress created
Factional Struggle in INC: The factions
Impact of Gandhi's leadership on INC
ending factional strife: non-violence but independence now
Becoming mass movement
new strategy -- non-violence
Minority independence movements (Muslim League)
Independence, partition, and violence
Kashmir and wars with Pakistan
II. Actors and Processes
A. Government Structure
President
Parliament
Rajya Sabha -- upper house
Lok Sabha -- lower house
role in choosing Prime Minister and no-confidence motions against PM
powers
*Example of 1996 election and choosing the PM
No Confidence vote
*Prime Minister and Cabinet
Congress Party
*Ideology
*Economic policy
*Nehru’s socialism
*Ideology: complete separation of church and state
*Nehru Dynasty
*Sonia Gandhi and attempts to make her nationality a factor
Bharatiya Janata Party
*Hindutva
*extremist past and allies
*RSS
*BJP challenge to Indian secularism
*original anti-Muslim
*L. K. Advani’s ideas
*BJP and women
Public Policy
*Nehru's Socialism
*National Planning Commission
*the impact on entrepreneurship
*”Hindu Rate of Growth”
*Economic Problems of late 1980s/early 1990s
*debt
Oil
Kashmir crisis
*Rao's economic reforms
*Finance Minister: Manmohan Singh
*the economic reforms
*allowing foreign investment
*privatization
*less government control/free markets
*The results
Political Periods:
1. Congress Years: 1947-1991
Indian National Congress/Congress Party
*Nehru Dynasty
*Jawaharlal Nehru
*Dynasty supporters vs. opponents
*Indira Gandhi as PM
*The Emergency 1975-1977
*Defeat 1977
*Indira Gandhi Assassination
*Rajiv Gandhi and Assassination
1991 Congress victory
*P. V. Narasimha Rao
*Manmohan Singh
*Rao’s and Singh’s reforms
Challenges:
*Continuing the dynasty:
*Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi
2. Years of Competition
Why did Congress lose support?
Nehru Dynasty gone
*Economic reform
*Corruption in Congress
*Rise of regional and religious parties
*Rise of BJP
*1996 elections and failure to form a government
*1998 and victory
Nuclear tests
*Nationalism and India as a global power
*BJP moderates most of its stands
*Attracting Muslims
*Slowing, not stopping economic reforms
*A. B. Vajpayee
*National Democratic Alliance
*1999 elections
*2004 election
United Progressive Alliance
Sonia Gandhi leading Congress Party
*Congress ideas: economic reform for everyone
*poor haven’t benefited from reforms
*New PM Manmohan Singh
*2009 Elections: Congress returns
*2014 Election
*Narendra Modi
*his controversial past (riots of 2002)
*Rahul Gandhi