POLI/
Bill Newmann
The exam format will be the same as the previous exam: 60 multiple-choice questions
Terms that are preceded by an asterisk (*) are dealt with in the readings!
List of Terms:
War and Peace:
Clausewitz major premise about war and politics
Causes of War and Peace:
1. Human Nature: Individual level of analysis
War as human nature
learning peace?
*2. Balance of Power: Realism: system level
Number of poles of power
*War caused by imbalance of power
WW I caused by an imbalance of power
*Peace achieved through stable balance of power
Concert of
3. *Power Transition/Long Cycle Theory: Realism: system level
*peace imposed by a dominant power
*war caused by challenges to that dominant power
The 100 year cycle of war and peace
Implications (US decline?)
*US hegemonic power (American Dominance)
*China as the rising challenger?
4. Nuclear
Revolution (individual level as people fear nuclear war or state level as state
power prevents war)
Peace caused by the fear of nuclear weapons
War caused by irrational, outlaw states
5. Interdependence: Idealism: (system or state level)
Global Economic Marketplace as cause of peace
Free Trade
Interdependence
war caused by outsiders, non-free traders, closed economies
6. Democratization: Idealism: (state level)
*Democracies don’t fight each other
Reasons why?
Democracies fight non-democracies
Democratizing states as more likely to fight wars
Nationalism and the transition to democracy
Nationalism:
*definition
state (territorial entity)
government: type and regime
nation
Interaction among characteristics
(nation-state fit)
nation-state fit and nationalism
*self-determination
Ethno-nationalist wars
Transnationalism:
*Definition
religion
Social theories
Economic theories
Political theories
*Transnational actors
*non-governmental organizations
*non-state actor
Global marketplace
*wars today: mostly civil war, ethnic conflict
International Organizations
Globalization
End of the
nation-state system
*War today:
civil, ethnic, religious
*IGOs
global organizations
*Regional Organization
*European Union
*nonstate actor
failure of League and coming of WW II
*IGOs and sovereignty
United
Nations
*UN Charter
Article 2
*UN General Assembly
trends in UN membership and why was there an increase since 1945
*voting procedures
*UN Security Council
*voting procedures
*Permanent 5 and veto
*UN Secretary General
*Secretariat
Ban Ki-Moon
Secretariat
*ECOSOC
UN Functions concerning security (issues of conflict and cooperation):
1. *Collective Security
*Chapter 7 of the UN Charter
*Collective Security during the Cold War: No consensus at the UNSC
*Collective security after the Cold War: the Persian Gulf War
2. Peacekeeping
*Chapter 6
Border/Decolonization problems
Consent rule
3. *Peacekeeping after the cold war
*Peacebuilding:
*Post-conflict reconstruction
4. *Peace Making/Enforcement:
*Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
*Somalia and Rwanda; Bosnia and Kosovo
*ethnic cleansing
*Failed states
Lessons of Peace Enforcement (see PPT slide)
*European Union
NGOs
*Definition
Transnational advocacy networks
The impact of globalization on NGOs
Impact of communications revolution
*Universal Declaration on Human Rights
*Human Rights Regimes
Good News
*TNGOs
Lobbying and action-oriented NGOs
Human Rights Watch
*Amnesty International
International Campaign to
NGOs: The Bad News
Terrorism
*US Global War on Terror
*Al-Qaeda: An NGO that uses violence to make its point
*terrorism and the levels of analysis
*How globalization makes terrorism possible
*Definitions of terrorism: Purposes: to cause pain that will lead to a change in governmental policy
a) *asymmetric warfare
Who attacked on 9/11?
*Osama bin Laden
*Al-Qaeda (AQ) terrorist organization
Chart: Origins of Recent Terrorism
*Iranian Revolution
Saudi sponsored schools
Soviet
invasion of
The fight against the Soviets: mujahadin, foreign fighters, aid from many countries
Soviet withdrawal and spread of
terrorism throughout the
*Kaplan readings: The South China Sea
*Europe (land conflict) vs. Asia (air, sea, and space conflict)
*China as a naval power
*war considered to be more difficult in East Asia than it was in Europe
*Traffic through the S. China Sea
*oil and gas in the South China Sea
*China sees South China Sea as rightfully its territory
*S. East Asian nations claim parts of it
*US defense of small allies
*Balance of power in East Asia = US presence
*Nine dashed line
*US-Vietnam partnership
*Taiwan’s status: China or not
*Taiwan’s democratization and 1996 crisis
China and Taiwan: identity
*UNCLOS
12 mile limit
200 mile exclusive economic zone
Dispute resolution mechanism
Sovereignty issues exception
*Paracel Islands
*Spratly Islands
*US Pivot (rebalancing)
Realist view
Idealist view
Constructivist view