Review Sheet 2: POLI 363 Summer 2009
Bill Newmann
*The exam will be the same format as the previous exam:
Two Sections:
Section 1: Short Answers: Choose 3 of 8: (13 points each):
Section 2: Choose 1 of 2 (maybe 3) essays: (60 points).
*1 bonus point for spelling Clinton's name correctly if you answer a question about him.
You will have two hours and 40 minutes to complete the exam. You will not need it.
List of Terms:
US in the
Birth of
The Palestinian Problem
1948 War
Six Day Way: 1967
PLO Terrorism
*Israeli Occupied Territories
*
*
*October War 1973
*
*Soviet Policy
*Impact of Nuclear Weapons?
*Israeli Settlement Policy
*Anwar Sadat
*
*First Intifada
*Hamas
*
*Palestinian Authority
*Hamas vs. Fatah
End of the Cold War:
Soviet Succession
Yuri Andropov
Konstantin Chernenko
Mikhail Gorbachev
New Thinking
*Economic restructuring (perestroika)
*Political freedoms (glasnost)
Ending the cold war
Ending the Arms race
End to regional conflict
Reagan and Bush responses
Freeing of
*Solidarity
Economic collapse
in
*
15 republics
August 1991 Coup
Boris Yeltsin
Bush 41
Bush's Realism
Bush background
Post-Cold War national security environment
few threats
choice of where and when to intervene
Bush Foreign Policy:
Realism with idealist rhetoric?
The Gulf War:
The Gulf as an idealist crusade against aggression
The United Nations
Multilateral coalition
fighting aggression
upholding international law
Must give up WMD
IAEA and UNSCOM inspections
Other factors to consider:
1. Economic: OIL
2. Multilateralism?
Armed Forces participating
3. Realism:
Why leave Saddam Hussein in power
The
breakup of
Iranian power
Humanitarian Military Intervention
Bush valedictory speech
When should the
*US and
*The reasons for the strategic relationship in the 1970s
*
*Deng Xiaoping’s reforms 1978
*The economic boom
in
Views of
*As a threat to the
*As a massive human rights violator
*As the biggest Big Emerging Market of all
*Bush policy after
*Congressional pressure and Most Favored Nation policy
*
Economic team wins the argument
Hypocrisy or Learning?
*1996 crisis in this context
What kept the crisis from escalating: common interests
Making foreign policy without a threat
Economics as priority
building world order, but through economics
NAFTA, FTAA, APEC, WTO
Lack of Foreign Policy Consensus
The
From Containment to Enlargement/Engagement: “En-En Strategy”
Core Group of Liberal-Democracies
Transitional states/Economic transition: Former Soviet-bloc states
Rogue states
Weapons of Mass Destruction
Big Emerging Markets
Human Rights and Human Rights Crises
Multilateralism
Peace Enforcement concept
UN/US vs. General Aidid
Outcome of
Public Opinion
after
Viet Nam Syndrome and
Lift and Strike: The instinct to intervene, but need for multilateralism stops it (1993)
ethnic cleansing
Kosovo 1999
The model:
US airpower
Local ground troops
NATO, not UN-sponsored operations
NATO peacekeepers; US troops on the ground for peacekeeping
Dilemmas of En-En
Bush 43
Bush II
*Key advisers
*Divisions within administration
*Balance of power realists
*Hegemonists
*Neoconservatives
*Examples of the views and proponents of each
*Unilateralism
*Missile Defense
September 11
Who was responsible?
Al-Qaeda (AQ)
Osama bin-Laden
Bin-Laden’s fatwas
AQ’s Its
roots in
Its revolutionary ideology
Religious schools around the Muslim world (madrassas) and their ideology
Why this is not mainstream Islam and is more dangerous for Muslims than anyone else
AQ’s goals (why
attack the
Changing
What terrorism is? What AQ’s method is
Political violence
Violence as the method
Asymmetric warfare
targeting of civilians
Publicity
Bush Doctrine
Choosing sides
Preemption if necessary
Linkage of terrorism and WMD threat
Axis of Evil
Multilateralism only when necessary
Regime Change
Idealism and the spread of liberal democracy
The
Desert Fox raids
*1. Bush administration’s argument
for invading
*WMD
*The arguments for the invasion
*Saddam
Hussein will use WMD on the
*
The arguments against the invasion
*
*After the war begins US finds
*Intelligence problems
*Tenet exaggeration
*DoD cherry picking
*Politics
*2. To plant the seed of democracy
*Bush
administration ambitious plan to transform the
*
*Can you create a democracy from scratch?
Divisions within
*3. Unfinished business
*leftover business from Bush 41
*Getting rid of a
regional threat that challenged the
*Debate in administration about invading
*Debate about troop levels and aftermath of military operations – nation building
*Future of
*Internal issues
about creating democracy: divisions in
*External issues:
*Ahmad Chalabi and Iraqi National Congress
*
*
*
*Looting, security, services
*OHRA
*Political parties emerge
*The nature of Iraqi political parties
*sectarian
*CPA takes over
*De-Baathification
*Firing of Iraqi army
*Results
*Insurgency begins
*Al-Qaeda in
*The level of violence
*Insurgent Goals
*Complexity of Iraqi insurgency
2006-2009
Awakening Councils
Local groups and US vs. AQI
The surge
The Future
Assessment of the World
*
*Globalization: economic and political
*Integration and Identity
*Decline in power of nation-state
*multipolarity
*Hegemony by legitimacy, not by power alone
market-driven hegemony
Ambition-US Purpose
*Unipolarity or multipolarity
*institution-based world order
*Bismarck not Britain
*Revisionist world order
Threats and Opportunities
1. *Great Power Rivalry or Synergy
status quo vs. revisionist powers
*
*BRIC
*Capitalism prevents war
*Ideological conflict (democracy)
Nuclear weapons as peacekeepers?
2. WMD
Nations
Terrorists
Deterrence
3. Alternate Ideologies
soft authoritarian
theocratic states
theocratic movements (al-Qaeda)
anti-globalization/nationalist states and movements
4. Major Disruptions
5. US at home