POLI/
Bill Newmann
The exam format will be the same as the previous exam: 65 multiple-choice questions
Terms that are preceded by an asterisk (*) are dealt with in the readings.
List of Terms:
Review the PPT slides in the Intro to Security slideshow
The important aspects here are the computer revolution and the early conclusions of the new era.
War
and Peace:
Clausewitz major premise about war and politics
1. Human Nature:
War as human nature
Thomas Hobbes on why we have war
Rousseau on why we can learn peace
How Europe learned to have peace
*2. Balance of Power: Realism:
Number of poles of power
*War caused by imbalance of power
WW I caused by an imbalance of power
*Peace achieved through stable balance of power
Concert of Europe
Cold War balance of power
Bipolarity after the Cold War: what might that look like?
China’s claims in the South China Sea
The Nine Dash Line (see the PPT on China’s Rising Power; it’s on the map)
3. *Power Transition/Long Cycle Theory: Realism:
*peace imposed by a dominant power
*war caused by challenges to that dominant power
The 100 year cycle of war and peace
Implications (US decline?)
*US hegemonic power (American Dominance)
*China as the rising challenger?
4. Nuclear Revolution
Peace caused by the fear of nuclear weapons
*Nuclear deterrence
War caused by irrational, outlaw states
Iraq under Saddam Hussein, Iran, North Korea
If nuclear weapons can’t be used, how do Great Powers compete and fight
Technology, cyber war, hybrid warfare
5. Interdependence: Idealism:
Global Economic Marketplace as cause of peace
Free Trade
Interdependence
war caused by outsiders, non-free traders, closed economies
International
Organizations
Transnationalism defined
*IGOs
*alliances
*NATO
*Interpol example
*growth of IGOs
*Realist views of IGOs
*Liberalism/Idealism views of IGOs
*Regional IGOs
*European Union
*An example of the elements of its structure
League of Nations
*IGOs and sovereignty
United Nations
*UN Charter differs from League of Nations Covenant
*Realist aspect of the UN Charter: UN structure recognizes power
*Perm 5 in UN Security Council as the evidence
*UN Charter
UN does not replace nation-state sovereignty (Article 2)
*UN General Assembly
trends in UN membership and why was there an increase since 1945
*UN Security Council
*voting procedures
*Permanent 5
*veto
*UN Secretary General
responsibilities
selection
*Antonio Guterres
*Secretariat
*Collective Security
*Chapter 7 of the UN Charter
*Collective Security during the Cold War: No consensus at the UNSC
Korean War Collective Security (1950-1953)
*Collective security after the Cold War: the Persian Gulf War
*International Court of Justice
*Just War Doctrine
Nationalism,
Ethno-Nationalist Conflict, and the UN
Definition
of Nationalism
state
(territorial entity)
government:
type and regime
nation
Interaction
among characteristics (nation-state fit)
nation-state
fit and nationalism
Ethno-nationalist
wars
Most
wars today: ethno-nationalist wars, not wars between nation-states
Examples
of poor nation-state fit leading to civil wars
Bad
borders
*Sykes-Picot
Agreement
*Chapter 6 and its area of concern
*Peacekeeping Operations (PKO)
*Types of operations in PKO
*Buffer/interpositioning missions
*Peace enforcement/Peacemaking (Second generation Peacekeeping)
*R2P
*First test Case: Somalia 1992-1993 (success or failure)
*Rwanda 1994?
Lessons of Peace Enforcement (see
PPT slide)
NGOs
*Definition
Good News
Lobbying and action-oriented NGOs
Human Rights Watch
International
Campaign to
NGOs: The Bad News
Terrorism
Not foreign; not new
*Different types of terrorism
Acceleration of Terrorism since 1990s
Definitions of terrorism:
Political
agenda setting
Terrorism is a strategy
violence
to achieve a political agenda
to show power
A weapon of the weak
Terrorist Logic at work in Spain 2004
Terrorist’s needs and How globalization makes terrorism easier
Who attacked on 9/11?
*Osama bin Laden
*Al-Qaeda (AQ) terrorist organization
al-Qaeda’s ideology
al-Qaeda’s goals
Chart: Origins of Recent Terrorism
*Iranian Revolution
Saudi sponsored schools
*Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
*The fight against the Soviets: mujahadin, foreign fighters
Soviet withdrawal and spread of terrorism throughout the Middle East and Asia
The Rise of ISIS
*al-Zarqawi
*Zarqawi trains in Pakistan with al-Qaeda
*Iraq civil war and growth of AQ in Iraq
*Arab Uprising (Arab Spring) and Syrian Civil War
*How Syrian Civil War allowed radicalism to spread
*al-Nusra Front
*Assad, Iran, Russia vs. all types of rebels
*Russia prtects Syria at UNSC
*Split between al-Nusra Front/al-Qaeda and ISIS
*al-Baghdadi