POLI 308 US
Presidency
Summer 2021
Review One
This is a take home
exam.
Basic Requirements
·
July
8: I will place the exam in the Files
folder of Canvas at about 9:00 AM on Tuesday July 6. It will be due back to me (emailed) by
midnight on Thursday July 8. That is a
soft deadline, so don’t sweat a few hours, even until morning.
·
There is no class on July 8.
·
Feel free to email me questions if you have them, but as usual,
there are limits to how I can help you
The exam
has two parts:
And, important:
·
Sharing
this exam with anyone outside the class is a violation of the VCU Honor Code
·
Working
with another student in the class or anyone else while you take this exam is a
violation of the VCU Honor Code
·
As
with any take home, the plagiarism
rules that exist for research papers apply here. Your exams must be your written work. I will
run this through the standard plagiarism programs as I do with all research
papers.
This
review looks big, but don't worry. If
you have come to class and done all the reading, nothing here should be new to
you. Also, though there are a lot of
terms, obviously, not each one of them is the subject of an essay. These terms,
in order, form an outline of everything we've done so far. A group of them
might be the subject of an essay. Usually, you can't explain a single term
without referring to the terms next to it. So, really, if you can say one or
two things about each term and how it relates to the terms around it and fits
into the larger scheme of nuclear weapons you're doing fine. Some terms,
however, are filled with enough significance to be short
answers/identifications on the test, but you'll be able to figure out which
ones.
Terms
with (*) in front of them may not have been included in the lectures, but were
discussed, at length, in the readings.
List of Terms
Introduction to the Presidency
1.
Approaches to the Presidency
Historical
Approach
Institutional
Approach
Character
Approach
2. Presidential Domination
3.
Cycles
of Presidential power
Constitution and Early Presidencies
Articles of Confederation and
Executive Power?
*gridlock in Articles of
Confederation era (1781-1787)
Framers nervousness about Executive
Power
*finding a balance between royal
tyranny and war of all against all
*nervous about legislative
dictatorship
Problems of Legislative dominance and
lack of unifying structures for colonies
1787 Continental Congress
Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
Views of Executive Power:
*expansive presidential power:
anything that is not specifically someone else’s power is the presidents
Constitution with Executive ratified;
Bill of Rights in the deal
Comparison of powers of Congress in
Article I vs. Article II
Electoral College
*12th amendment and 1800 election
Electoral vote vs. popular vote
problems
Definition
of the Modern Presidency
Expectations
Presidential
domination
Two Presidencies
US v.
Curtiss Wright
Judicial
Review
Executive
Orders
Presidents interpreting laws and
seeing if it sticks
Electoral
College role in choosing the president
Popular
vote vs. Electoral College and how things can go wrong
No one wins electoral vote or a tie:
what happens
Popular vote winner loses Electoral
College
12th
Amendment
Presidential Eras:
Pre-Modern vs. Modern
Models of the Presidency
Hamiltonian
Model
*President focuses on
small number of important issues
*Hamilton’s role
*Washington and Whiskey
Rebellion
*Washington’s
Neutrality Proclamation in French-British War
*Congressional argument
(Jefferson too)
Madisonian
Model
Adams
Jeffersonian
Model
Thomas Jefferson in
office
governing based on
philosophy/ideas
courting members of
Congress
Congress as partner
Jacksonian
Model
Jackson’s Populist rhetoric
*as an outside
*populist president
*popular
sovereignty
*elites vs. the people
*The president and the people in
Jackson’s view
*Indian Removal Act and Trail of
Tears
Vetoes
Jackson's Theory of the Presidency --
Political competition for power
*Jackson and the Bank
*Goodwin’s thesis on
presidential leadership
*adversity and events
Abraham Lincoln:
*poverty background
* Always a great communicator
*against slavery, but compromises in
legislature
*Lincoln-Douglas debates: Lincoln:
containment of slavery
*Team of Rivals
*Emancipation proclamation
*as a strategy to win the war
*timing of the proclamation
Presidential Dominance under Lincoln
Slavery as a moral issue and tactical
issue for Lincoln
Lincoln as a master politician
Post-Lincoln -- Pre-Teddy Roosevelt
Era of Congressional Dominance
Theodore Roosevelt:
*his journey from ill and protected
to self-sufficient and strong
*State assembly and anti-corruption
*Family tragedy and stay in Badlands
*as crusading police commissioner
*assistant secretary of the Navy
*Spanish American War and Roughriders
*Vice Pres.
*Intervene in coal strike?
*and
presidential power
The role of the President
Stewardship Theory
*Bully Pulpit
Wilson,
presidential power and the League of Nations
FDR
*wealthy family
*natural optimism
*role of Eleanor as social conscience
*Assistant Secretary of the Navy
*polio and the way he fights it
*As Governor: unemployment insurance
bill in NY
*Goal: give confidence
*His team: committed allies, not
rivals
*Fireside chats
The Modern Presidency:
1789-1933: First Republic of US?
1933-Present: Second Republic of US?
The
Depression
Hoover's ideas about Depression and
his solutions
FDR's ideas on the Depression
Election of 1932
*Public support for dictatorial
presidential powers during depression
Brains trust (not the specific
people, but the diversity of the ideas)
*The method of FDR decision making –
competitive)
Theories of the Governmental Role in
the Economy:
Money circulates and as long as it
does, everything is fin
1. Classical Liberalism
2. Modern Liberalism
FDR's New Deal:
1. Government Role in the Economy:
·
patronage
1.
WPA
·
regulatory
policy
1.
NIRA
and NRA Eagle
·
redistributive
policy
1.
Social
security
2. President's Role:
Legislator-in-Chief
3. Enlargement of Federal Government
White
House Office
Executive
Office of the President
"Presidential
Branch"
4. Precedents and Expectations
100
Days
Federal
Government as Provider of Services
5. Electoral realignment
The New Deal Coalition (This is very important; we discussed
it twice)
FDR's leadership and bringing hope to
the US people
Truman
Why FDR chose him in
1944
Bipartisanship
Truman,
Vandenberg, and Truman Doctrine speech
Demagoguery
McCarthy and Roy Cohn
The style of politics
Cohn’s protégé Donald Trump
22nd
Amendment
Candidate-centered
politics in presidential elections
Eisenhower wanted by both Democrats and Republicans for 1952
Donald
Trump as an example of this
Eisenhower as the Father of
Presidential Management:
Eisenhower's Legacy: Managing the
Federal Government
Organizations are:
Can you get the Federal Government to
operate in a unified manner?
Eisenhower's answer:
Ike's management of the presidency:
1. Delegation
President's
role
Cabinet
Secretaries role
2. Interagency
process--institutionalizing coordination
3. Staff System
Sherman
Adams' role
*Managing
access to the president
JFK and Advising
Controversy over first Catholic
President
Kennedy-Nixon debates
The importance of presidential
advisors
Dual role of Cabinet senior advisors
Three kinds of advisors and why a
president wants each type
LBJ
*Dad in legislature
*progressive
politician
*only received conditional love from
mother; treated staff the same way
*the way he moves up in the world –
get close to people with power
*College:
from janitor to advisor to college president
*Cotulla School and his feelings
about poverty
*Lobbying FDR for electricity in Hill
Country near Austin
*His brutality and generosity as a
boss
*After heart attack: need for legacy,
not just power
*importance
of New Deal and Cotulla experience
*Completing JFK agenda
Essence of Presidential Power:
(Neustadt)
Persuasion/Bargaining
LBJ's political method: Finding out
who wants what and doling out favors
His view of legislation: Bargaining
and negotiation
LBJ on Civil Rights:
Civil
Rights Act 1964
Voting
Rights Act 1965
His persuasion method on Civil
Rights:
Persuasion in a fragmented society:
Timing and Persuasion:
1964 Election
*The Great Society: