POLI/
Review
Sheet: EXAM 1:
The following list of terms is
really just an outline of the lectures I've given. It will also include some
terms selected from the readings; these are terms that I think are particularly
important aspects of the reading (Which is a polite way of saying, if you are
not doing the reading, you better start doing the
reading). The readings support things we've talked about in class, explain
them, and flesh out some concepts. Terms that are dealt with primarily in the
readings will be designated with an (*).
This looks big,
BUT remember most of these are things that can be defined in one
sentence; they are bits and pieces of larger ideas and concepts. And if you've
been in class and have done the readings there should be nothing new here.
The
test consists of 60 multiple-choice questions. It is designed to take you about
50-60 minutes, though usually when I give tests of similar length and content
most people don't need all the time I allow. You will have the entire class
period for the exam.
If
you have any questions, feel free to email me for an appointment, or come to
office hours, and don’t forget the SI sessions.
List of terms:
The nature of the International
System:
A definition of the international
system
*the world as anarchy
the world as institutionalizing
Domestic Politics (DP) vs.
International Politics (IP):
DP as hierarchy
DP compared with IP:
1. Central Authority:
DP: Centralization of power
IP: no central authority:
every nation for itself
*sovereignty
*self-reliance or self-help
On the other hand:
*laws, treaties, institutions (UN,
WTO)
Do powerful states create an informal
central authority?
2. Conflict Resolution and Force:
DP: regulated
conflict, political and legal processes
Force is illegitimate except by
authorized officials
IP:
conflict unregulated, resort to
self-reliance, the use of force. If you win the war your use of force was legitimate.
On the other hand: powerful make rules for resolving
conflict, rules to create justice, trend toward negotiation not violence
For IP, two views
1.
*anarchy:
might makes right
2.
institutionalization:
world is evolving toward nation-state cooperation through institutions
Basic Points:
Anarchy
vs. institutionalization
The
international system is evolving
*The security dilemma
Ideas:
*Realism
Propositions about realism
*the state is the only actor that
matters
1.
*the
goal -- power
2.
*morality,
ideas, domestic politics?
3.
*cause
of the quest for power?
A.
human
nature
B.
*anarchy
4.
*foreign
policy?
5.
*and
peace achieved through?
A.
*Balance
of power
B.
*Polarity
C.
*alliances
6.
*Unipolarity
will not last
*Definition of power
*Traditional views: hard Power
*Power as capabilities
*Soft power
*Idealism or Liberalism
1.
*more
than competition exists in the international system
2.
common interests?
3.
morality,
ethics, values
4.
*commerce
– free trade
5.
*global
marketplace
6.
*law
7.
*institutions
*interdependence
*reciprocity
treaties
Enforcement
Constructivism
1.
*nation-states
are not all alike
2.
*political
culture influences foreign policy
3.
*form
of government influences foreign policy
4.
*history,
political context matter
5.
*domestic
politics matters
*states have an identity that shapes
the way they interact with other states
Examples: Russia, China, US
*Marxism
*Feminism
Evolution of the International
System:
1. Age of Empires
Eventual European (western)
domination of the world
*imperialism
example of Africa during and after colonial
era
importance of industrial revolution in European
dominance
popular sovereignty vs. monarchies
2. Creation of Nation-State system
Holy Roman Empire
Rise of nationalism and Protestantism
Reformation in Europe
Thirty Years War
Treaty of Westphalia or Peace of
Westphalia (1648)
*sovereign states
power in the hands of the state
(individual monarchs), not religion or empire
* self-determination
Napoleon's challenge to the system
and defeat
3. *Concert of Europe
*Congress of Vienna
*Multipolar system
*polarity
*alliances
Great Powers (5)
colonialism
*Balance of Power
Rules of Balance of Power
*England's role
*Prussian/German challenge to Balance
of Power
Triple Entente vs. Triple Alliance
*WWI
4. Interwar period and WWII
*Changes in power balance/fate of the
old great powers -- England, Germany, France, A-H, Russia
*Treaty of Versailles
*League of Nations
U. S. rise to power
*1920s' economic boom and the
Depression
*Japanese/Italian/German aggression
*Munich agreement of 1938 and
appeasement
*Axis vs. Allies: WWII
5. Cold War
Superpowers
1. *Bipolar Balance of Power
*US
containment of the USSR
*dividing the world/collecting allies
*NATO
*Warsaw Pact
2. Regional Conflict
*Decolonization
*spheres of influence
divided nations
proxy wars
*Korean war, Vietnam war
*In what parts of the world?
Rules (2)
nations asked to choose sides; competition for
allies
3.
*Nuclear
Weapons
A.
*deterrence
B.
Mutual
Assured Destruction
4.
*Ideology
A.
*Liberal-democracy
vs. communism
Gorbachev and the end of the Cold War
*perestroika and glasnost
*The collapse of the USSR and its
future
Collapse of Cold war international
system
6. After the
Cold War
A. unipolarity
B. New Bipolarity -- US vs. China
C. Multipolarity -- US, Russia, Japan, E. U., China,
India?
D. Joint
Leadership
a. G-20
E. Globalization:
Interdependence
F. Rapid
Change and Instability
G. Decline of
Nation-State Power
H. Challenging
States
I.
Wild Cards
The Future and Global Trends 2030
*Megatrends
1. *Individual
Empowerment
a. *Information-technology
2. *Diffusion of Power
a. *Away from the
West, toward the East
3. *Demographic
patterns
a. *Aging, migration,
urbanization
4. *Scarcity of
Natural resources
*Game
Changers
1. *Crisis-Prone
Global Economy
2. *Governance Gap
3. *Potential for
Increased Conflict
a. *Middle East, S.
Asia
b. *Spread of lethal
technology
4. *Wider Scope of
Regional Instability
5. *Access to New
Technologies
6. *Role of the US
a. Relative decline
*Alternate
Worlds
1. *Stalled Engines
2. *Fusion
3. *GINI Out of the
Bottle
4. *Non-State World