POLI/
Review
Sheet: EXAM 1:
The following list of terms is
really just an outline of the lectures I've given. It will also include some
terms selected from the readings; these are terms that I think are particularly
important aspects of the reading (Which is a polite way of saying, if you are
not doing the reading, you better start doing the
reading). The readings support things we've talked about in class, explain
them, and flesh out some concepts. Terms that are dealt with primarily in the
readings will be designated with an (*).
This looks big,
BUT remember most of these are things that can be defined in one
sentence; they are bits and pieces of larger ideas and concepts. And if you've
been in class and have done the readings there should be nothing new here.
The
test consists of 60 multiple-choice questions. It is designed to take you about
50-60 minutes, though usually when I give tests of similar length and content
most people don't need all the time I allow. You will have 60 minutes of class
time for the exam.
If
you have any questions, feel free to call me, or come to office hours.
List of terms:
The nature of the International
System:
*A definition of the international
system
*definition of a globalized world
*definition of globalization
*the world as anarchy
the world as institutionalizing
Domestic Politics (DP) vs.
International Politics (IP):
DP as hierarchy
DP compared with IP:
1. Central Authority:
DP: Centralization of power
IP: no central authority:
every nation for itself
*sovereignty
self-reliance
On the other hand:
*laws, treaties, institutions (UN,
WTO)
Do powerful states create an informal
central authority?
2. Conflict Resolution and Force:
DP: regulated
conflict, political and legal processes
Force is illegitimate except by
authorized officials
IP:
conflict unregulated, resort to
self-reliance, the use of force. If you win the war your use of force was
legitimate.
On the other hand: powerful make rules for resolving
conflict, rules to create justice, trend toward negotiation not violence
For IP, two views
1.
anarchy:
might makes right
2.
institutionalization:
world is evolving toward nation-state cooperation through institutions
Basic Points:
Anarchy
vs. institutionalization
The
international system is evolving
Evolution of the International
System:
1. Age of Empires
European (western) domination of the
world
*imperialism
example of Africa during and after colonial
era
importance of industrial revolution in European
dominance
popular sovereignty vs. monarchies
2. Creation of Nation-State system
*Holy Roman Empire
*Rise of nationalism and
Protestantism Reformation in Europe
*Thirty Years War
*Treaty of Westphalia or Peace of
Westphalia (1648)
*sovereign states
power in the hands of the state (individual
monarchs), not religion or empire
*national self-determination
Napoleon's challenge to the system
and defeat
3. *Concert of Europe
*Congress of Vienna
*Multipolar system
Great Powers (5)
colonialism
*Balance of Power
Rules of Balance of Power
England's role
*Prussian/German challenge to Balance
of Power
WWI
4. Interwar period and WWII
Changes in power balance/fate of the
old great powers -- England, Germany, France, A-H, Russia
*Fourteen Points
*Treaty of Versailles
*League of Nations
U. S. rise to power
1920s' economic boom and the
Depression
Japanese/Italian/German aggression
*Munich agreement of 1938 and
appeasement
Axis vs. Allies: WWII
5. Cold War
Superpowers
1. *Bipolar Balance of Power
*US
containment of the USSR
*dividing the world/collecting allies
*NATO
*Warsaw Pact
2. Regional Conflict
*European Decolonization
In what parts of
the world?
Rules (2)
nations asked to choose sides; competition
for allies
3. Nuclear Weapons
4. Ideology
Gorbachev and the end of the Cold War
*perestroika and glasnost
*The collapse of the USSR and its
future
Collapse of Cold war international
system
Reasons why the Cold War ended?
Post-Cold War system:
1. *unipolarity
*US as hyperpower
2. * New Bipolarity -- US vs. China
3. Tripolarity US, India, China
4. *Multipolarity
-- US, Russia, Japan, E. U., China, India?
Global Trends 2025
*Rise in
power of developing states: led by China and India
*Also, Russia, Brazil, Indonesia,
Turkey, Iran
*Declining in power? EU, Japan
*Rise in
power of non-state actors
*US still
dominant, but less dominant
*shift of
wealth and power from West to East
*state
capitalism
*Key
uncertainties
*Middle East transitions
*Energy, food, climate change
*A more
complex multipolar system
*BRICs
*Four
Scenarios
*Demographics
youth population of nations
Ideas:
*Realism
*The security dilemma
Propositions about realism
*the state is the only actor that
matters
1.
*the
goal -- power
2.
*morality,
ideas, domestic politics?
3.
*cause
of the quest for power?
i.
human
nature
ii.
*anarchy
4.
*foreign
policy?
5.
*and
peace achieved through?
6.
*Unipolarity
will not last
*know
that there are several different types of realism, but you dont need to know
all the differences
*Definition of power
*Traditional views: hard Power
*Power as capabilities
*Soft power
*Tools of Foreign Policy
*Sticks and carrots
*Idealism or Liberalism
1.
more
than competition exists in the international system
2.
common interests?
3.
morality,
ethics, values
4.
*commerce
free trade
5.
*global
marketplace
6.
law
7.
institutions
Sovereignty
good and bad aspects
Nazi
Germany
treaties
Enforcement
International Court of Justice
Constructivism
1.
nation-states
are not all alike
2.
political
culture influences foreign policy
3.
form
of government influences foreign policy
4.
history,
political context matter
5.
domestic
politics matters
states have an identity that shapes the way
they interact with other states
Examples: Russia, China, US
*Marxism
*World System Theory
*Feminism
Nationalism:
*definition
state (territorial entity)
government: type and regime
nation
Interaction among characteristics
(nation-state fit)
nation-state fit and nationalism
*self-determination
Ethno-nationalist wars
Failed states
South Africa vs. Yugoslavia the
importance of leadership
Transnationalism:
religion
Social theories
Economic theories
Political theories
*Transnational actors
*non-governmental organizations
*non-state actor
Global marketplace
pros and cons of transnationalism
nationalism and transnationalism as challengers
to the nation-state system