1. Factors such as financial support, access to media, availability of volunteer member support, and legitimacy (favorable public attitudes) figure most prominently in which theoretical perspective?
a. Conflict
b. Rational Choice
c. Functional
d. Religion-as-Creativity
*e. Resource Mobilization

2. Which of the following would be least important for the survival of a new religious group?
a. The ability of the group to mobilize resources
b. Successful diffusion of forces that oppose it
*c. The educational level of the founder
d. The ability to maintain a plausible worldview
e. Institutionalization

3. Assuming more or less equal resources, which type of religious movement would be most likely to be labeled "subversive" and to encounter resistance from the host culture?
a. Alternative change group
*b. Transformative group
c. Redemptive group
d. Reformative group
e. Perpectivist group

4. Which type of religious group is likely to encounter very little resistance from the host culture and from other institutions in the society?
*a. Alternative change group
b. Transformative group
c. Redemptive group
d. Reformative group
e. Perpectivist group

5. New religious movements in North America that wish to transform the world are most likely to employ which of the strategies below?
a. Assimilation
b. Coercion
c. Bargaining
*d. Persuasion
e. All of the above

6. Which type of religious movement seeks total individual change?
a. Transformative
b. Reformative
*c. Redemptive
d. Alternative
e. Perpectivist

7. Which type of religious movement seeks partial societal change?
a. Transformative
*b. Reformative
c. Redemptive
d. Alternative
e. Perpectivist

8. World transforming movements are characterized by which of the following recruitment/socialization patterns?
a. Low selectivity, low socialization
b. Low selectivity, high socialization
c. High selectivity, low socialization
*d. High selectivity, high socialization

9. Which type of religious movement is likely to face high levels of opposition from the families of members and from existing churches, but little resistance from other institutions in the society?
a. Transformative
b. Reformative
*c. Redemptive
d. Alternative
e. Perpectivist

10. In order to mobilize resources, world transforming movements
*a. must gain wide publicity, while simultaneously preventing outsiders from having a full understanding of their goals and ideology.
b. must avoid existing tensions and dissatisfactions in the society.
c. must make themselves highly controversial in order to gain media attention.
d. must be willing to make many compromises in their goals and ideology in order to gain legitimacy.
e. all of the above.

11. Plausibility structures
a. are only used by established churches.
*b. sacralize the shared meanings of religious groups and make them compelling.
c. must be logical to be believed.
d. are only used by world-transforming movements.
e. are used by almost all religious groups, but not by other institutions or organizations in society,

12. If a millenarian movement declares that the end of the world will come on a certain date, but the date passes and nothing happens, which of the following is NOT a typical response?
a. Members may return to normal life, losing faith in the movement.
b. Members may reset the date when the final end of the world is to occur, declaring that God gave everyone extra time to repent.
c. Members may declare that the millennium really did arrive, but was only observable to the truly spiritual person.
*d. Members may direct their efforts along more secular political lines, usually in the form of a Marxist world-transforming movement.

13 According to your textbook author, the plausibility structures of a religion might include a number of features. Which of the following is NOT one of these elements of plausibility?
a. Ritual
b. Dualistic belief systems
c. Sacred music
d. Striking architecture
*e. Anomie

14. If a group holds a worldview that is in severe contrast to the larger culture and is not logical by worldly standards, which of the following is likely to be the most powerful plausibility mechanism the group might adopt?
*a. A dualistic belief system
b. Norms requiring individuals to evangelize neighbors and fellow workers
c. Strong instrumental commitment to the organization
d. Beautiful and expansive architecture

15. According to Wade Clark Roof, which of the following groups is experiencing severe problems of plausibility in its theological system because of its general acceptance of scientific method and findings?
a. New religious movements (cults)
b. Fundamentalist Protestants
c. Conservative Roman Catholics
d. Pentecostals
*e. Liberal Protestants

16. When new religions are faced with massive disconfirming evidence they may continue to survive, but only if they have
*a. extraordinarily strong plausibility structures.
b. a rational-bureaucratic leader.
c. a traditional type of leader.
d. extraordinarily low IQs.

17. Empirical evidence can undermine the claims of a religious group. Which of the following helps prevent empirical observation from invalidating the beliefs of a religious group?
a. liberal or modernist theology
b. routinization of charisma
c. mobilization of resources
*d. other-worldly emphasis
e. routinization of rituals

18. Which of the following is NOT true, according to your textbook?
a. The resource mobilization perspective stresses the interactive process between the religious groups and the larger society.
b. Plausibility structures contribute to the believability of a religion.
*c. Dualism usually works to undermine the plausibility of a religious doctrine.
d. Plausibility structures are more necessary in pluralistic societies than in other kinds of societies because people are more likely to encounter beliefs that contradict their own.
e. Institutionalization is necessary but not sufficient to assure the survival of a religious group.

19. After the death of Ann Lee and the start of communal living, the Shakers
a. gave up their commitment to celibacy, turning instead to a free-love communal lifestyle.
*b. routinized their worship services and the method for determining whether a message was really from God.
c. failed to develop a stable economic base.
d. became a alternative change religious movement and assimilated into mainstream society.

20. Which sociological paradigm is employed in the observation that most people need surrounding mechanisms and other believers around them in order to enhance the plausibility of their beliefs?
a. Structural-functional theory
b. Conflict theory
*c. Symbolic interaction theory
d. Exchange theory

21. What social phenomenon did NOT lead to the decline in the Shaker communities?
a. Change in social attitudes toward sexuality in America.
b. Unwillingness of the shakers to compromise their belief that sex is the root of all evil.
*c. The fear of being jailed for their beliefs.
d. Inability to mobilize energy and resources because of a decline in passion for evangelism among the group.

22. Which of the following statements is an example of dualism?
*a. Any evil that occurs in the world is an act of Satan; any good that occurs in the world is an act of God.
b. God is all powerful and infinitely good. When disasters occur, something good is bound to result from it, because everything is an act of God, and God only does good.
c. If someone is morally good, he or she will be rewarded. If someone is morally bad, he or she will be punished.
d. Evolution cannot be true, because the Bible teaches that the world was created in six days.